How to Spot the Signs of a Misdiagnosis and What to Do About It

Getting a medical diagnosis can feel like a turning point. Finally, you have an answer. But what if that answer doesn’t quite fit? Unfortunately, misdiagnoses happen more often than we think, and recognising the signs early can make all the difference. Here’s how to spot the signs of a possible medical error and what to do next to remedy the situation and protect yourself from further harm.

What is a misdiagnosis and how does it happen?

A misdiagnosis occurs when your doctor or other healthcare provider either incorrectly identifies a condition or completely fails to diagnose one altogether. This can happen because an appointment was rushed, the doctor took an incomplete medical history, due to system-level issues in NHS settings, or other factors. For example, symptoms might be dismissed or minimised (known as medical gaslighting) or attributed to psychological causes such as stress, while complex conditions can be overlooked if test results are misinterpreted. Communication gaps between specialists, GPs, and patients can also play a big role in diagnostic errors.

Clues that your diagnosis may be wrong

It can be easy to doubt yourself – after all, doctors are seen as the experts. But if your treatment isn’t working, it’s worth taking a step back. If your symptoms persistent or worsen even though you’re following the treatment plan, this is a red flag. Other signs include a diagnosis that doesn’t seem to match your test results or medical history, or if your doctor seems unsure or dismissive of your concerns. The most important thing is not to ignore your instincts – getting a second opinion can be a necessary next step.

What to do if you suspect a misdiagnosis

If something feels off about your diagnosis, start by sitting down and carefully reviewing your medical records and notes from all consultations. Ask your GP or specialist for clarification and don’t hesitate to seek a second opinion (this is your right as an NHS patient). In more serious cases, especially where harm has occurred, you may need to explore a medical negligence claim to get appropriate compensation and accountability.

The physical, emotional, and mental toll of a misdiagnosis

A misdiagnosis isn’t just a paperwork error. It can have ripple effects far into the future. Physically, the wrong treatment may delay proper care or even worsen your condition (especially if you’ve been taking the wrong medication or had to undergo unnecessary surgery). Emotionally, you may feel distressed, anxious, frustrated and even betrayed by a system that is meant to heal you. Financially, you may face unnecessary costs for private tests or therapies that didn’t help. 

Be your own best advocate

Don’t settle for uncertainty when it comes to your healthcare – and don’t assume that the experts are right. It’s important to trust yourself and your own judgement. If something doesn’t feel right about a medical diagnosis, speak up, ask questions, and don’t stop until you’re truly heard.